DIVISION OF LABOUR

Hey Guyz, Happy Monday. It's a new Month, MARCH is here. 2015 is really fast, don't you think? Well am just glad we all made it, so many pple have already lost their lives and we aren't better than them at all, God is just Faithful always. So today we are on a New Topic, New Month New Topic. So Let's get started!

Division of Labour is the co-operative specialization of labour. It dates back to as early as the start of civilization and was practiced by the Sumerians to group different jobs according to various skills of the members of the society. Division of Labour is historically associated with increased growth in total output and is viewed as the rise of Capitalism. It also helps to solve some of the complex industrialization processes. Division of Labour as explained by Adam Smith can be restricted based on the market extent. Adam has suggested that the bigger the market the higher the specialization. It can then be said that the Global market that we are currently enjoying has resulted to so much specialization. The conditions for Specialization to thrive on the global market are a free trade, free mobility and migration of labour. In Simplified Form, Division of Labour is the breaking down of production processes into smaller and separate units which allow for multiple small performances by different individuals and also machines. For Example, When Machine A mixes the batter and
Machine D Packages the Finished Goods-Cake; then Division of Labour amongst Machines has taken place.

SPECIALIZATION

Specialization is a wide economic concept that is used to describe the process of separation of different tasks within a system or a firm. Specialization gives each individual a chance to specialize in the area that one is best in. It helps in the accomplishment of some unattainable goals of the Factors of Production. In all the cases of Specialization, the individuals becomes more dependent on other units and finds it difficult to work outside the specialized systems. In Specialization though, there is increased efficiency and productivity, there are several conflicts that will arise between the different specialized systems. For Example, Individual A- specializes in packaging the Finished Goods into cartons and moving them to the Shipping Room/Warehouse (This a case of Specialization).

There are some Emerging Issues to the Modern Application of Specialization and Division of Labour brought about by Market Dynamics (which include- Information Communication Technology Changes and Worker Empowerment Rights).

ADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR:

# Increase in Output.

# Time Saving.

# Increase in Skill.

# Creation of Employment Opportunities.

# Leads to Innovation.

DISADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR:

# Immobility of Labour/ Restricted Movement of Labour.

# Unemployment of Individuals as a result of the Major Use of Machines.

# Decline in Craftsmanship as a result of the Major Use of Machines.

LIMITATIONS OF DIVISION OF LABOUR:

# Level of Technology Available at the Time.

# Nature of the Product being Produced.

# Size of the Market.

# Availability of Labour.

EXCHANGE

Exchange can be defined as the process of giving out value in order to have something of value in return. In the olden days, there was the system of Trade by Barter which is the exchange of Goods for Goods. Exchange therefore arises because of the excess of the Production of Goods and Services.

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